10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 8 | Nationalism : Gandhian Phase - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 Nationalism: Gandhian Phase

I. Choose the correct answer

1.   Who was arrested during the anti - Rowlatt protests in Amritsar?
a) Motilal Nehru           
b) Saifuddin Kitchlew   
c)  Mohamed Ali           
d) Raj Kumar Shukla
 Ans: b) Saifuddin Kitchlew

 

2.   In which session of the Indian National Congress was Non - Cooperation approved?
a) Bombay
b) Madras
c)  Calcutta
d) Nagpur
Ans: c) Calcutta

 

3.   Which among the following was declared as ‘Independence Day’?

      a) 26th January 1930

      b) 26th December 1929

      c)  16th June 1946

      d) 15th January 1947

      Ans: a) 26th January 1930

 

4.   When was the first Forest Act enacted?
a) 1858
b) 1911
c)  1865
d) 1936
Ans: c) 1865

 

5.   On 8 January 1933 which day was observed?
a) Temple Entry Day
b) Day of Deliverance  
c)  Direct Action Day
d) Independence Day
Ans: a) Temple Entry Day

 

6.   Which Act introduced Provincial Autonomy?
a) 1858 Act
b) Indian Council Act, 1909                
c)  Government of India Act, 1919
d) Government of India Act, 1935            
Ans: d) Government of India Act, 1935

 

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Gandhi regarded ______ as his political guru.
2. Khilafat Movement was led by ______
3. Government of India Act 1919 introduced ______ in the provinces.
4. The Civil Disobedience Movement in North West Frontier province was led by ______
5. Ramsay Macdonald announced ______ which provided separate electorates to the minorities and the depressed classes.
6. _____ established Congress Radio underground during the Quit India Movement.

 

    Answers

1. Gopala Krishna Gokhale
2. Mohamed Ali and Shaukat Ali
3. Dyarchy
4. Khan Abdul Ghaffarkhan
5. Communal Award
6. Usha Mehta

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.    i)    The Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent in 1920.

      ii)    M. Singaravelar was tried in the Kanpur Conspiracy case.

      iii)   The Congress Socialist Party was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Minoo Masani.

      iv)  The Socialists did not participate in the Quit India Movement.

       a)  i) and ii) are correct

       b)  ii) and iii) are correct

       c)  iv) is correct

       d)  i), ii) and iii) are correct

      Ans: d) i), ii) and iii) are correct

 

2.   Assertion : The Congress attended the First  Round Table Conference.

      Reason    : Gandhi - Irwin Pact enabled the Congress to attend the Second Round Table Conference.

       a)  Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation

       b)  A is correct but R is wrong

       c)  A is wrong but R is correct

       d)  Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation

      Ans: c) A is wrong but R is correct

 

3.   Assertion : The Congress Ministries resigned in 1939.

      Reason    : The colonial government of India entered the war without consulting the elected  Congress ministries.

       a)  Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation

       b)  A is correct but R is wrong

       c)  Both A and R are wrong

       d)  Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation

      Ans: d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation

 

IV. Match the following
1	Rowlatt Act	a	Surrender of titles
2	Non Cooperation Movement	b	Dyarchy
3	Government of India Act, 1919	c	M.N. Roy
4	Communist Party of India	d	Direct Action Day
5	16th August 1946	e	Black Act

 

Match the following		Answers
1	Rowlatt Act	e	Black Act
2	Non Cooperation Movement	a	Surrender of titles
3	Government of India Act, 1919	b	Dyarchy
4	Communist Party of India	c	M.N. Roy
5	16th August 1946	d	Direct Action Day

     

V. Answer the following briefly

1.  Describe the Jallianwalabagh Massacre.

• Two prominent leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested.
• On 13 April 1919 a public meeting was arranged at Jallianwalabagh in Amritsar.
• Thousands of people assembled there.
• The British troops commanded by General Dyer surrounded the Bagh on all sides
• Dyer ordered his men to shoot the crowd without any warning.
• The firing lasted for ten minutes.
• More than thousands were wounded and 379 were killed.
• Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood and Gandhi surrendered his Kaiser - i - Hind medal in protest.

 

2.  Write a note on the Khilafat Movement.

• The First World War ended in 1918.
• The Caliph of Turkey, who was the head of muslims all over the world was given a harsh treatment.
• The Ali brothers - Mohamed Ali and Shaukat Ali started a mass movement of the muslims in support of the Caliph. This movement was known as Khilafat movement.
• Gandhiji supported the Khilafat movement and he saw in it an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims.

 

3.  Why did Gandhi withdraw the Non Cooperation movement?

• At Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh on February 5, 1922 a procession of the nationalists was organised.
• Provoked by the police, the procession turned violent.
• As the police found themselves outnumbered, they shut themselves inside the police station.
• The mob burnt the police station killing 22 policemen.
• Gandhi was upset over this and withdrew the Non Co - operation movement immediately.

 

4.  Why was the Simon Commission boycotted?

• All the members of the Simon Commission were English men. It did not have any Indian member.
• The Indians were angered that they had been denied the right to decide their own future. So they boycotted the Simon Commission.

 

5.   What is Poorna Swaraj?

• In the Lahore Congress session held in 1929, Poorna Swaraj was declared as the goal of the Congress.
• Poorna Swaraj means complete independence.

 

6.   Write a note on Bhagat Singh

• Bhagat Singh and his comrades reorganized the HRA and renamed it as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
• Sanders, the British Police officer, responsible for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai was assassinated.
• Bhagat Singh and Dutt threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929.
• Bhagat Singh was arrested and sentenced to death.
• Bhagat Singh’s courage was an inspiration for the youths in India.

 

7.   What are the terms of the Poona Pact?

• The principle of separate electorates was abandoned. Instead, the principle of joint electorate was accepted with reservation of seats for the depressed classes.
• Reserved seats for the depressed classes were increased from 71 to 148. In the Central Legislature 18 percent of the seats were reserved.

 

VI. Answer in detail

1.  Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader.

• After the insult at the train, Gandhi called a meeting of the Indians in Transvaal and forced them to form an association to redress their grievances.
• Gandhi practised Satyagraha in South Africa.
• In India Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha and succeeded in the abolition of tinkathia system and put an end to the oppression of the peasants by the indigo planters.
• By his intervention in Ahmedabad mill strike and the Kheda Satyagraha Gandhi became a leader of mass struggle.
• As a mass leader Gandhi called for a nation-wide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.
• When Gandhi launched the salt satyagraha hundreds of followers followed him. This shows that he was a mass leader.
• In 1931, Gandhi revived the Civil disobedience movement. Thousands of people were arrested along with Gandhi.
• Gandhi proved himself to be a mass leader in his campaign against untouchalility.
• As a mass leader Gandhi was supported by the people in the Quit India Movement.
• All these above incidents led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader.

 

2.  Critically examine the Civil Disobedience Movement as the typical example of Gandhian movement.

• In 1929, the Congress session was held in Lahore under the leadership of Nehru. It was decided to launch a Civil disobedience movement. A pledge was taken to attain Poorna swaraj through Civil disobedience.
• The Indian National Congress authorized Gandhi to launch the movement.
• One of the demands presented to Viceroy Lord Irwin was the abolition of salt tax.
• The inclusion of abolition of salt tax was a brilliant tactical decision.
• On March 12, 1930 Gandhi set out from Sabarmathi Ashram towards Dandi.
• When the salt march was on progress hundreds of people joined the march.
• Though it was a mass movement no incident of violence was reported anywhere.
• Gandhi reached Dandi on 5th April 1930 and picked a lump of salt breaking the salt law.
• In Tamil Nadu C. Rajaji led a similar march from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam.
• Salt marches took place in Kerala, Assam and Bengal also

     

3.   Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India.

• Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon in 1905 became the first factor in the partition of India.
• The Muslims felt the need for a separate organization to champion the cause of the Muslims. So in 1906 the Muslim League was formed to protect the interest of the Muslims.
• The Minto Morley Reforms of 1909 introduced separate electorate for the Muslims.
• Jinnah proposed one third of seats to be reserved for Muslims in the Central Legislature.
• He demanded a separate nation for the Muslims..
• Ramsay Mac Donald’s Communal award widened the religious differences.
• In 1940 the demand for a separate nation was made by Jinnah at the Lahore session.
• The British followed the policy of divide and rule.
• In the Shimla conference, the Congress and the Muslim League could not come to an agreement.
• In the 1946 elections the Muslim League won most of the seats reserved for the Muslims thus bolstering its claim.
• Jinnah declared 16 August 1946 as the ‘Direct Action Day’.
• Hindu - Muslim conflict spread to other districts of Bengal.
• When the interim government was formed, only after some hesitation the Muslims joined it.
• All the above factors made the partition of India inevitable.
• Mount Batten plan proposed that India should be partitioned into two dominions - India and Pakistan.
• On 15th August 1947 India won independence.

 

VII. Activity (For Students)

1.   Students can be asked to mark the important places of Gandhian movement in a map and write a sentence or two about what happened there.

2.   Students can be divided into groups and asked to debate the views of the Gandhi, Jinnah, B.R. Ambedkar, Revolutionaries and  Communists.