10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 7 | Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 Anti-Colonial Movements and
the Birth of Nationalism

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Which one of the following was launched by Haji Shariatullah in 1818 in East Bengal?

     a) Wahhabi Rebellion 

     b) Farazi Movement

     c) Tribal uprising   

     d) Kol Revolt          

     Ans: b) Farazi movement

 

2.  Who declared that “ Land belongs to God “ and collecting rent or tax on it was against divine law?

     a) Titu Mir             

     b) Sidhu

     c) Dudu Mian        

     d) Shariatullah

     Ans: c) Dudu Mian

 

3.  Who were driven out of their homeland during the process of creation of Zamins under Permanent Settlement?

     a) Santhals            

     b) Titu Mir

     c) Munda              

     d) Kol

     Ans: a) Santhals

 

4.  Find out the militant nationalist from the following.

     a) Dadabhai Naoroji

     b) Justice Govind Ranade

     c) Bipin Chandra Pal  

     d) Romesh Chandra

     Ans: c) Bipin Chandra Pal 

 

5.  When did the partition of Bengal come into effect?

     a) 19 June 1905     

     b) 18 July 1906

     c) 19 August 1907  

     d) 16 October 1905

     Ans: d) 16 October 1905

 

6.  What was the context in which the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed?

     a) Kol Revolt          

     b) Indigo Revolt

     c) Munda Rebellion

     d) Deccan Riots     

     Ans: c) Munda Rebellion

 

7.  Who set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916?

     a) Annie Besant     

     b) Bipin Chandra Pal

     c) Lala Lajpat Rai   

     d) Tilak

     Ans: d) Tilak

 

8.  Who drew the attention of the British to the suffering of Indigo cultivation through his play Nil darpan?

     a) Dina Bandhu Mitra 

     b) Romesh Chandra Dutt

     c) Dadabhai Naoroji d) Birsa Munda           

     Ans: a) Dina Bandhu Mitra

 

II. Fill in the blanks

1.  _____ was an anti-imperial and anti-landlord movement which originated in and around 1827.
2. The major tribal revolt which took place in Chotanagpur region was ____.
3. The _______ Act, restricted the entry of non-tribal people into the tribal land.
4. Chota Nagpur Act was passed in the year _________
5. W.C.Bannerjee was elected the president of Indian National Congress in the year____

Answer:

1. Wahhabi rebellion
2. Kol revolt
3. Chotanagpur Tenancy
4. 1908
5. 1885

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.  i)  The Company received ` 22.5 million from Mir Jafar and invested it to propel the industrial revolution in Britain.

     ii) Kols organized an insurrection in 1831-1832, which was directed against government officers and money lenders.

     iii) In 1855, two Santhal brothers, Sidhu and Kanu, led the Santhal Rebellion.

     iv) In 1879, an Act was passed to regulate the territories occupied by the Santhals.

     a) (i) (ii) and (iii)are Correct  

     b) (ii) and (iii) are correct

     c) (iii) and (iv) are correct 

     d) (i) and (iv) are correct 

     Ans: a) (i) (ii) and (iii) are correct

 

2.  i)   One of the most significant contributions of the early Indian Nationalists was the formulation of an economic critique of Colonialism.

     ii)  The early Congress leaders stated that the religious exploitation in India was the primary reason for the growing poverty.

     iii) One of the goals of the moderate Congress leaders was to achieve Swaraj or self-rule

     iv) The objective of partition of Bengal was to curtail the Bengali influence and weaken the nationalist movement.

     a) (i) and (iii) are correct.

     b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

     c) (ii) and (iii) are correct

     d) (iii) and (iv) are correct

     Ans: b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

 

3. Assertion (A) : Under colonial rule, for the first time in Indian history, Government claimed a direct proprietary right over forests.

     Reason (R) : Planters used intimidation and violence to compel farmers to grow indigo.

     a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

     b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong

     c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

     d) (A) is wrong and  (R) is correct.

     Ans: a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

 

4. Assertion (A): The Revolt of 1857 was brutally suppressed by the British army.

     Reason (R)    : The failure of the rebellion was due to the absence of central authority.

     a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong  b) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct

     c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

     d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

     Ans: c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

 

IV. Match the Following

 

Column A		Column B
1	Wahhabi Rebellion	a	Lucknow
2	Munda Rebellion	b	Peshwa Baji Rao II
3	Begum Hazarat Mahal	c	Titu Mir
4	Kunwar Singh	d	Ranchi
5	Nana Sahib	e	Bihar

 

Answers

1	Wahhabi Rebellion	c	Titu Mir
2	Munda Rebellion	d	Ranchi
3	Begum Hazarat Mahal	a	Lucknow
4	Kunwar Singh	e	Bihar
5	Nana Sahib	b	Peshwa Baji Rao II

 

 

V. Answer the following questions briefly

1.  How are the peasant uprisings in British India classified?

    ➢  Restorative rebellions 

    ➢  Religious movements   

    ➢  Social banditry

    ➢  Mass insurrection

 

2.  Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.

     ➢  Satara
     ➢  Jhansi
     ➢  Nagpur
     ➢  Sambalpur
     ➢  Parts of Punjab

 

3.  What do you mean by drain of wealth?

     ➢  During the British period India was transformed into a supplier of raw material to the British industries.
     ➢  India became a market for the finished products of Britain.
     ➢  So there was a continuous transfer of resources from India to Britain without any profit to India. This is known as drain of wealth.

 

4.  Highlight the objectives of Home Rule Movement.

     ➢  To attain self-government within the British empire by using constitutional means
     ➢  To obtain the status of dominion.
     ➢  To use non-violent constitutional methods to achieve their goals.

 

5.  Summarise the essence of Lucknow Pact.

     ➢  The Lucknow Pact was made in 1916
     ➢  Under the Lucknow Pact, the Congress and the Muslim League agreed that there should be self-government in India as soon as possible.
     ➢  In return, the Congress accepted the concept of separate electorate for Muslims.

 

VI. Answer in detail

1.  Discuss the causes of the Revolt of 1857.

     Annexation policy of the British:

     ➢  By the doctrine of Paramountcy new territories were annexed on the grounds that the native rulers were inept.

     Doctrine of Lapse:

      ➢  If a native ruler did not have male heir to the throne, the territory was to be annexed by the British of his death.

      ➢  By the Doctrine of Lapse Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, Sambalpur and parts of Punjab were annexed                        

     Insensitivity to Indian cultural sentiments:

      ➢  The Indian soldiers were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads and having whiskers. They were asked to replace their turbans with a round hat. It created resentment among the soldiers.

      ➢  The Indian soldiers refused to cross sea, since crossing the sea meant the loss of their caste.

      ➢  The sepoys were upset with discrimination in salary and promotion.

      ➢  The Indian soldiers were paid less than the European soldiers.

      ➢  They felt humiliated and racially abused by their seniors.

     Enfield rifle:

     ➢  The supply of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifles was the immediate cause for the mutiny.

     ➢  There was a suspicion that the cartridges had been greased with cow and pig fat. The cartridges had to be bitten off before loading. Pork is forbidden to the Muslims and the cow is sacred to the Hindus. So the soldiers refused to use these cartridges.

     ➢  Mangal Pandey who refused to use the cartridge was arrested and executed. This resulted in the revolt.

 

2.  How did the people of Bengal respond to the partition of Bengal (1905)?

     Hindu-Muslim partition:

     ➢  Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon in 1905.

     ➢  The idea was to suppress the political activities and to create Hindu-Muslim divide.

     ➢  Its aim was to curtail Bengali influence and to weaken the nationalist movement.

     ➢  Instead of dividing the Bengali people along the religious line, the partition of Bengal united them all.

     Anti - partition movement

     ➢  The moderate leaders look for new techniques of protest.

     ➢  They decided to boycott British goods.

     ➢  Swadeshi movement was started. It aimed at the cancellation of partition of Bengal.

     ➢  The moderates were very much against utilizing the campaign to start a full fledged passive resistance.

     ➢  But the extremists were in favour of extending the movement beyond Bengal and to initiate a full scale mass struggle.

     ➢  The day on which Bengal was partitioned was declared as the day of mourning.

     ➢  Thousands of people took bath in River Ganga and marched on the streets of Calcutta singing Bande Mataram.

 

VII. Activity (For Students)

1. Identify the Acts passed in British India from 1858 to 1919, with a brief note on each.
2. Mark the important centres of 1857 revolt on an outline map.
3. Prepare an album with pictures of frontline leaders of all the anti-colonial struggles launched against the British.