10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 2 | The World Between Two World Wars TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 The World between Two World Wars

Part I - TEXTBOOK Evaluation

 

I. Choose the correct answer

1.  With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy?

     a) Germany       

     b)  Russia         

     c) Pope            

     d)  Spain          

     Ans: c) Pope

 

2.  With whose conquest did the Mexican civilization collapse?

     a) Hernan Cortes                          

     b) Francisco Pizarro                   

     c) Toussaint Louverture                

     d) Pedro I        

     Ans: a) Hernan Cortes

 

3.  Who made Peru as part of their dominions?

     a) English         

     b) Spaniards     

     c) Russians       

     d) French         

     Ans: b) Spaniards

 

4.  Which President of the USA pursued “Good Neighbour“ policy towards Latin America.

     a) Roosevelt     

     b) Truman        

     c) Woodrow Wilson                   

     d) Eisenhower   

     Ans: a) Roosevelt

 

5.  Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?

     a) Europe         

     b)  Latin America  

     c) India            

     d) China           

     Ans: b) Latin America

 

II. Fill in the Blanks

1.  The founder of the Social Democratic Party was _______.

     Ans: Ferdinand Lassalle

2.  The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by _______.

     Ans: Josef Goebbels

3.  The Vietnam Nationalist party was formed in _______.

     Ans: 1927

4.  The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as ________.

     Ans: The Gestapo

5.  The Union of South Africa came into being in May ________.

     Ans: 1910

6.  The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for ______ years.      Ans: 27

7.  Boers were also known as __________.

     Ans: Afrikaners

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.  i)  During World War I the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied on the Southern Front.

     ii)  Germany took to Fascism much later than Italy.

     iii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929.

     iv) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966.

     a) i) and ii) are correct

     b) iii) is correct

     c) iii) and iv) are correct

     d) i), ii) and iii) are correct

     Ans:  d)  i), ii) and iii) are correct

 

2.  Assertion (A)   :  A new wave of economic nationalism which expressed itself in protectionism affected the world trade.

     Reason (R)      :  This was because the USA was not willing to provide economic aid to the debtor countries.

     a) Both A and R are correct

     b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation

     c) Both A and R are wrong            

     d) R is right but it has no relevance to A

     Ans: b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation

 

3.  Assertion (A)   :  The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.

     Reason (R)      :  The war between the British and Boers in South Africa, however, was in defiance of this resolution.

     a) Both A and R are right  b) A is right but R is not the right reason

     c) Both A and R are wrong             d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A.   

     Ans: a) Both A and R are right

 

IV. Match the following

 

I		II
1	Transvaal	a	Germany
2	Tongking	b	Hitler
3	Hindenburg	c	Italy
4	Third Reich	d	Gold
5	Matteotti	e	Guerilla activities

 

Answers
d	Gold
e	Guerilla activities
a	Germany
b	Hitler
c	Italy

 

V. Answer briefly

1. What do you know of the White Terror in Indo-China?

    Ø The Vietnam Nationalist party was formed in 1927.

   Ø  In 1929 the Vietnamese soldiers mutinied and attempted to assassinate the French Governor General. But they failed.

    Ø This was followed by a large scale peasant revolt led by the communists.

   Ø  The revolt was crushed and thousands of rebels were killed. This incident is known as “the White Terror”.

 

2. Discuss the importance of Ottawa Economic Summit.

   Ø The Great Depression of 1929 had a disastrous impact on British trade and business.

   Ø Britain transmitted the effects of Depression (1929) to its colonies. Bilateral trade treaties between Britain and the member states of the British Empire were signed at an Economic summit in Ottawa in 1932.

   Ø In the Ottawa Economic Summit the participants (including India) agreed to give preference to imperial (Britain) over non-imperial goods.

 

3. What was the result of Mussolini’s march on Rome?

   Ø Mussolini organised the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 in the context of a long ministerial crisis.

   Ø Impressed by the Mussolini’s march on Rome, the King invited Mussolini to form a government.

 

4. Point out the essence of the Berlin Colonial Conference, 1884-85.

   Ø The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.

   Ø However the war between the British and Boers in South Africa was in defiance of this resolution.

5. How did Great Depression impact on the Indian Agriculture?

   Ø The Great Depression gave a death blow to Indian agriculture and the indigenous manufacturing sector.

   Ø The value of farm produce declined by half, but the land rent to be paid by the peasant remained

        unchanged.

   Ø In terms of prices of agricultural commodities, the obligation of the farmers to the state doubled.

   Ø The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the internal economy.

 

6. Define “Dollar Imperialism”.

    Dollar Imperialism is the term used to describe the policy of the USA in maintaining and dominating over distant lands through economic aid.

 

VI. Answer in detail

1. Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of Hitler in Germany.

    The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) was founded in Munich in 1919 by a group of seven members. One of them was Adolf Hitler.

    Ø During world War I, Hitler served in the Bavarian army.

    Ø As a good speaker he won the hearts of the people.

    Ø In 1923, he attempted to capture power. But he failed. So he was jailed.

    Ø During his time in prison, he wrote the book ‘Mein Kampf’.

   Ø  In the Presidential election of 1932, the Communist party polled about 6,000,000 votes.

   Ø Alarmed capitalists and property owners began to support Fascism. Hitler used this opportunity to usurp powers.

    Nazi State of Hitler:

   Ø As the communists refused to collaborate with the democrats the Republican government fell.

   Ø The industrialists, bankers and junkers prevailed upon President Von Hindenburg to designate Hitler as Chancellor in 1933.

Ø This Nazi state of Hitler was known as the Third Reich.

   Ø  Hitler declared all the political parties except the Nazi party as illegal.

   Ø  He introduced many reforms and the whole country came under his control.

   Ø  In August 1934, Hindenburg died. Hitler became both the President and Commander in Chief of the army, besides being the Chancellor.

 

2. Attempt a narrative account of how the process of decolonization happened in India during the inter-war period (1919-39).

    The decolonization process started in India from the beginning of 20th century with the launch of the Swadeshi Movement in 1905. There was rapid political as well as economic changes at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

    Dyarchy in Provinces:

   Ø The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced Dyarchy in the provinces. It provided for elected provincial assemblies as well as for Indian ministers to hold certain portfolios under Transferred subjects.

   Ø The Indian National Congress rejected the arrangements under Dyarchy and decided to boycott the legislature.

    Lack of measures to industrialise India:

   Ø There was no change in the colonial economic policy, despite the discriminating protection given to certain industries such as sugar, cement and chemicals.

   Ø But in the case of indigenous industries, support was only in the form of providing, “technical advice and education”. This policy was soon abandoned as many British enterprises were opposed to this.

    Impact of Depression on Indian Agriculture:

 Ø The Great Depression gave a death blow to Indian agriculture and indigenous manufacturing sector. The value of farm produce declined by half, but the land rent to be paid by the peasant remained unchanged.

  Ø In terms of prices of agricultural commodities, the obligation of the farmers to the state doubled.

   Ø The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the internal economy.

    Government of India Act, 1935:

   Ø This Act provided for greater power of the local Governments and the introduction of direct elections.

   Ø The Indian National Congress won a resounding victory in most of the provinces. Without consulting the Congress ministries, the British involved India in the World War II. So the Congress ministries in the provinces resigned from office.

 

3. Describe the rise and growth of nationalist politics in South Africa. 

    Ø There were two main political parties in South Africa.

        v The Unionist party (mainly British)

        v The South Africa Party (largely Afrikaners / Boers)

   Ø Botha, the first Prime Minister belonged to the South Africa Party. He ruled in cooperation with the British.

   Ø A militant section of the South Africa Party formed the National Party under Herzog.

   Ø In the 1920 elections the National party gained 44 seats. The South Africa Party, now led by Smuts, secured 41 seats.

   Ø At this Juncture the British-dominated Unionist Party merged with the South Africa Party. This gave Smuts a majority over the militant Afrikaner- controlled National Party.

 

VII. Activity

1. Each Student may be asked to write an assignment on how each sector and each section of population in the USA came to be affected by the stock market crash in 1929.

2. A group project work on Vietnam War is desirable. An album or pictures, portraying the air attacks of the US on Vietnam and the brave resistance put up by the Vietnamese may be prepared.