10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath | Outbreak of World War I and its Aftermath - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 Outbreak of World War I and its Aftermath

Part I - TEXTBOOK Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer

1.  What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?

    a) Germany, Austria Hungary and the Ottomans        

    b)  Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia               

    c) Spain, Portugal and Italy               

    d)  Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

    Ans: a) Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans

2.  Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century?

    a) China             

    b) Japan             

    c) Korea             

    d) Mongolia        

    Ans: b) Japan

3.  Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism”?

    a) Lenin              

    b) Marx              

    c) Sun Yat-sen    

    d) Mao Tse Tung 

    Ans: a) Lenin

4.  What is the battle of Marne remembered for?

    a) air warfare

    b) trench warfare   

    c) submarine warfare

    d) ship warfare   

    Ans: b) trench warfare

5.  To which country did the first Secretary General of League of Nations belong?

    a) Britain            

    b) France           

    c) Dutch             

    d) USA               

    Ans: a) Britain

 6.  Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?

     a) Germany        

     b) Russia            

     c) Italy               

     d) France           

     Ans: b) Russia

II. Fill in the blanks

1.  Japan forced a war on China in the year ___________

    Ans: 1894

2.  The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ____________ signed in May 1913.

    Ans: London

3.  Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year ________

    Ans: 1902

4.  In the Balkans ___________ had mixed population.

    Ans: Macedonia

5.  In the battle of Tannenberg ___________ suffered heavy losses.

    Ans: Russia

6.  ___________ as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.    

    Ans: Clemenceau

7.  Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ___________.

    Ans: 1925

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.  i)   The Turkish Empire contained many non-Turkish people in the Balkans

     ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central powers.

     iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured Constantinople.

     iv) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but were repulsed.

     a) i) and ii) are correct          

     b) i) and iii) are is correct

     c) iv) is correct  

     d) i), ii) and iv) are correct

     Ans: d) i), ii) and iv) are correct

2.  Assertion (A)   : Germany and the United States were producing cheaper manufactured goods and capturing England’s markets.

     Reason (R)      : Both the countries produced required raw material for their industries.

     a) Both A and R are correct

     b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

     c) Both A and R are wrong

     d) R is right but A is wrong

     Ans: b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

 

3.  Assertion (A)   : The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles.

    Reason (R)      : There was stiff resistance from the native population.

     a) Both A and R are correct

     b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

     c) Both A and R are wrong

     d) R is right but A is wrong

     Ans: a) Both A and R are correct

 

IV. Match the Following

1	Treaty of Brest - Litovsk	a	Versailles
2	Jingoism	b	Turkey
3	Kemal Pasha	c	Russia with Germany
4	Emden	d	England
5	Hall of Mirrors	e	Madras

        Ans:

1	c	Russia with Germany
2	d	England
3	b	Turkey
4	e	Madras
5	a	Versailles

 

V. Answer Briefly

1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?

v In 1894, Japan forced a war on China.

v In the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese war little Japan defeated China and surprised the world.

v Though Russia, Germany and France warned Japan, Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula with Port Arthur.

v By this action Japan proved that it was the strongest nation in the East Asia.

2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

v Britain

v France

v Russia

3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?

v Jingoism (England)

v Chauvinism (France)

v Kultur (Germany)

4. What do you know of trench warfare?

v Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from enemy fire.

v The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by a series of linking trenches through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and orders were delivered.

v The battle of Marne is a memorable one for Trench Warfare.

5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?

v Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable role for Turkey’s rebirth as a nation.

v Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.

6. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.

v The League appeared to be an organisation of those who were victorious in the First World war.

v Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its decisions.

v The founders of this peace organization underestimated the power of nationalism. The principles of “Collective Security” could not be applied in actual practice.

VI. Answer the following in detail

1. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.

    European Alliances:

v Europe was divided into two armed camps namely the Central powers and Allies.

v Germany, Italy and Austria - Hungary were Central powers. They formed Triple Alliance in 1882.

v England, France and Russia were the Allies and they formed Triple Entente.

    There was enmity between these two blocs.

    Violent forms of Nationalism:

v With the growth of nationalism, the attitude of “my country right or wrong, I support it” developed.

v England’s Jingoism, France’s Chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of nationalism.

v They contributed much to the outbreak of war.

    Aggressive attitude of German Emperor:

v Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world.

v The German navy was expanded.

v Therefore Britain embarked on a naval race.

v It led to tension between the two power blocs.

    Hostility of France towards Germany:

v France and Germany were old rivals. Bitter memories of the defeat of 1871 and loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany rankled in the minds of the French.

v Germany’s interference in the Morocco affair added to the bitterness.

    Balkan wars:

v Taking advantage of the political and economic instability of the Turkish empire the Balkan countries tried to secede from the Turkish control.

v The Balkan League was formed,  The League attacked the Turkish force. The first Balkan war ended with the Treaty of London.

v The new state of Albania was created.

v The Second Balkan war was also fought. It ended with the Treaty of Bucharest.

    Immediate cause:

v Franz Ferdinand, heir to emperor of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by Princip, a Bosnian Serb in Bosnia

v Austria saw in this an opportunity to eliminate Serbia as an independent state.

v Germany thought that it should strike first. It declared war on Russia on 1, August.

v Thus started the First World War.

2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany

v Germany was found guilty of starting the war and therefore was to pay reparations for the losses suffered.

v All Central powers were directed to pay war indemnity.

v The German army was to be limited to 1,00,000 men. A small navy was allowed.

v The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.

v All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.

v Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and Bucharest (Bulgaria).

v Alsace - Lorraine was returned to France.

v Poland was recreated.

v The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies

3. Explain the course of the Russian revolution under the leadership of Lenin.

v The Soviet was dominated by Mensheviks and the minority Bolsheviks were timid and undecided. The situation changed with the arrival of Lenin.

    Failure of Provisional government:

v When the revolution broke out Lenin was in Switzerland and he wanted continued revolution. His slogan of “All power to the Soviets” soon won over the workers’ leaders. The people were attracted by the slogan of “Bread, Peace and Land”.

v The provisional government made two grave mistakes.

v It postponed a decision on the demand for the redistribution of land.

v Government decided to continue with the war.

v This intensified the rising in Petrograd led by Bolsheviks. The government banned Pravda and arrested all Bolsheviks. Trotsky was also arrested.

    Take over by the Bolshevik party under Lenin’s leadership:

v In October Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide on immediate revolution.

v Trotsky prepared a detailed plan.

v On 7 November the key government buildings, including the Winter Palace, the Prime Minister’s head quarters were seized by armed factory workers and revolutionary troops.

v On 8 November 1917 a new communist government was in office in Russia. Its head this time was Lenin. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party.

4. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.

v The League of nations was called in to settle a number of disputes between 1920 and 1925. It was successful in three issues.

v In 1920 a dispute arose between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignty of the Aaland Islands. The League ruled that the islands should go to Finland.

v In 1921 the League was asked to settle the frontier between Poland and Germany in Upper Silesia. It was successfully resolved by the League.

v The third dispute was between Greece and Bulgaria in 1925. Greece invaded Bulgaria and the League ordered a ceasefire. After investigation it blamed Greece and decided that Greece was to pay reparations.

v Thus the League had been successful until the signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925.

VII. Activity (Activity for the students)

1.  Students can be taught to mark the places of battles and the capital cities of the countries that were engaged in the war.